In the Rotterdam Study of 5,395 older adults, higher dietary vitamin C and vitamin E intake were each linked to roughly 18% lower Alzheimer risk per standard deviation. The pattern looked strongest among smokers, where beta carotene and flavonoids also stood out. But this was an observational study of food intake, not pills, so it shows association rather than cause. Some of the headline smoker numbers also have confidence intervals that cross 1.0. Here is what the data actually say, which foods supply these nutrients, and where supplements do and do not fit.
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